近36年遵义市暴雨洪涝灾害变化特征及成因分析     

邹德全 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(5):95-98

暴雨、大暴雨等自然因素和防洪、除涝工程等社会因数是影响暴雨洪涝灾害发生、发展的重要因素。基于1984-2019年遵义市13个国家气象观测站逐日降水量资料、遵义市第一次自然灾害风险普查暴雨洪涝灾害数据,采用常规统计、突变检验、线性倾向估计、相关分析、对比分析等方法,得出遵义市暴雨、大暴雨以及受灾面积的年际、年代际以及长期变化变化特征,同时揭示农作物受灾面积的变化成因。结果表明：近36年遵义市暴雨日数及其累计降水量呈波动式微弱增加趋势,大暴雨日数及其累计降水量呈显著减少趋势,暴雨、大暴雨均具有不同的阶段性变化特征。1984-1999年农作物受灾面积呈显著上升趋势,2000-2019年农作物受灾面积呈显著下降趋势。大暴雨日数及其累计降水量与受灾面积呈显著正相关,并且具有明显的阶段性差异。暴雨洪涝灾害发生、发展既受暴雨、大暴雨等气象自然因子影响,也受气象灾害防御工程和灾害性天气预报预警水平等社会因素影响。  相似文献   

移动地质灾害应急指挥系统设计与实现     

欧孝奇  田燕 《国土资源信息化》2011,(4)

本文讨论了ArcGIS空间分析、数据库管理和移动通信等技术,并分析了地质环境因子、地质灾害危险性预报预警等级图及实际灾害点信息,将其与智能手机结合,建立了移动地质灾害应急指挥系统。通过系统随时随地获取可靠的地质灾害预警预报信息,提高对突发性地质灾害的反应能力,从而达到有效防灾、减灾的目的。  相似文献   

The role of climate finance beyond renewables: demand-side management and carbon capture,usage and storage     

Peter Warren 《Climate Policy》2019,19(7):861-877

Mobilizing climate finance for climate change mitigation is a crucial part of meeting the ‘well-below’ 2°C goal of the Paris Agreement. Climate finance refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities, which involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance. A large proportion of climate finance is Official Development Assistance (ODA) from OECD countries to ODA-eligible countries. The evidence shows that the largest proportion of climate finance for climate change mitigation has been channelled to the development of renewable energy, with a much smaller proportion flowing to other crucial forms of clean energy-related measures, such as demand-side management (DSM) (particularly sustainable cooling) and carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS). This forms the rationale and aim of this synthesis paper: to review the role of climate finance to develop clean energy beyond renewables. In doing so, the paper draws on practical policy and programme experiences of some donor countries, such as the UK, and Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). This paper argues that a greater amount of climate finance from OECD countries to ODA-eligible fossil fuel-intensive emerging economies and developing countries is required for sustainable cooling and CCUS, particularly in the form of technical assistance and clean energy innovation.

Key policy insights

• Demand-side management (DSM) and carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS) are underfunded in climate finance compared with the promotion of renewables.

• Climate finance for sustainable cooling, in particular, represents just 0.04% of total ODA, despite cooling projected to represent 13% of global emissions by 2030.

• Public investment in CCUS is limited at US $28 billion since 2007, despite the costs of meeting the Paris Agreement estimated to be 40-128% more expensive without CCUS.

• Additional climate finance for these sectors should not come at the expense of funding for renewables but should be complementary to it.

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浅谈城市应急管理信息系统的可重构性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林莉  郭建忠  王强 《地理信息世界》2007,5(1):32-35

可重构性是智能化信息系统的基本特性,已受到人们的广泛重视。本文首先提出了对城市应急管理信息系统可重构性的理解,论述了开发可重构应急管理信息系统的重要性和必要性,然后就如何设计、开发可重构的应急管理信息系统提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

交通拥堵对急救医疗服务时空可达性的影响——以广州市为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈建国  周素红  柳林  肖露子  宋广文 《地理科学进展》2016,35(4):431-439

时间是急救服务的敏感因素,急救服务设施可达性的时空差异对于评估急救设施的选址及急救服务调度的效率,解决公众急救医疗需求与供给之间的矛盾,辅助政府部门的决策都至关重要。交通拥堵是常见的城市问题,尤其是在城市中心区域更为明显,由于交通拥堵带来的时间滞后对急救服务产生的影响不容忽视。本文通过浮动车GPS大数据,分析交通拥堵对广州市中心城区急救医疗设施时空可达性的影响。结果表明：①在考虑道路实际通行状况的情况下,在交通高峰期,社区的急救医疗服务平均可达时间和最长可达时间分别比采用设计时速计算增加20%和25%。②可达性存在明显的时空差异。急救医疗服务可达性以急救医院为中心,沿着路网向四周呈现衰减趋势。急救医院布局较多、路网密集区域的可达性高,反之则低。交通拥堵对路网密集、行车规则设计复杂以及存在通过性交通流的地区影响显著。③对不同阻抗系数下可达性变化的敏感性分析,发现随着阻抗系数的增大,可达性变化的趋势有所放缓,紧急医疗服务可达性的分异变小;这一变化趋势在交通平峰期表现更为明显。因此,在研究城市中心区域急救医疗服务时,考虑交通拥堵对可达性的影响,需要构建基于实时交通状况的可达性评估模型,合理选择模型参数,优化实时急救医疗服务调度,提升急救服务的效率和质量。  相似文献   

基于极限综合评价法对应急避险场所评价研究     

丁桂伶  翟淑花  孙小华  张会昌 《城市地质》2016,(3):22-26

突发地质灾害应急避险场所,是指在灾中或灾后能为灾民提供一个临时安置或生存场所。对防灾减灾具有重要意义,其基础和核心工作是避险场所的适宜性评价。结合多指标因子评价方法的研究成果及北京地区突发地质灾害与避险场所的特征,提出了一种新的避险场所适宜性评价方法,即极限综合评价法。该方法较传统的评价方法有更好的适用性,且操作简单,得出评价结果更加科学。将该方法应用于北京市7处典型突发地质灾害应急避险场所评价工作中,取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

北京突发地质灾害应急避险场所调查评价     

丁桂伶  张会昌  张玲玲  翟淑花 《城市地质》2016,(2):69-73

结合北京地区突发地质灾害发育特征,提出了应急避险场所调查的内容、方法、工作流程及技术指标等内容,总结分析了北京市应急避险场所的分布、类型、规模、物资储备、建筑形式、路线长度及受灾情况等特征。同时,根据给出的应急避险场所适宜性简易评价方法对全市的应急避险场所进行了系统全面的评价,并针对性的提出了避险防范措施。  相似文献   

Neoliberal development through technical assistance: Constructing communities of entrepreneurial subjects in Oaxaca, Mexico     

Margath Walker  John Paul Jones III 《Geoforum》2008,39(1):527-542

Technical assistance (TA) has a long and varied history as a development practice. It initially emerged as a set of ‘hard’ programs, tools, and technologies delivered to developing countries by imported First World experts, typically in the agricultural and resource sectors. Later, in response to critical and antidevelopment theories, TA morphed into its ‘soft’ version, attempting to empower marginalized people in the Global South by delivering the know-how - often collaboratively generated - sufficient to produce forms of development ‘from below’. In spite of this shift in the politics and practices of TA, it remains susceptible to neoliberal styles of development that have proceeded apace with withdrawal of state institutions in the funding and operation of social and economic development programs, and with the concomitant rise of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).In this paper, we follow the operation of one TA program operated by an intermediary NGO in Oaxaca, Mexico. We find that the program intersects with neoliberalization in two prominent ways, relying on a form of governmentality that codifies and prescribes: (a) the social spaces of action and need, and (b) learning subjects deficient in entrepreneurial initiative and know-how. We conclude by commenting on the political economic conditions that continue to underwrite TA as a development practice in spite of a decade or more of criticism directed at it and we consider the possibilities for its subversion.  相似文献   

广东省基础地理信息数据库的应用及设想     

吴永静 《国土资源信息化》2006,(2):6-9

基础地理信息数据库是我国要建立的四大数据库中的重要内容,各省均相继开展或完成了省级基础地理信息数据库的建设。数据库建成后,如何高效和安全地使用数据库,广泛服务于社会,是当前面临的重要问题。本文结合数据库的建设现状,从实际需求出发,在实践中归纳了基础地理信息数据库目前及未来应用的设想。  相似文献   

落实三大工作体系提高防御地震灾害能力     

刘永强  郭宏杰 《山西地震》2006,(2):42-44

防震减灾工作与太原钢铁(集团)公司的生产建设和经济发展密不可分。叙述了冶金企业防震减灾工作的特点及太钢防震减灾的工作体系和各项防震减灾管理制度,介绍了近年来太原钢铁(集团)公司开展的各项防震减灾工作的一些作法。  相似文献